Resource Management in Converged Optical and Millimeter Wave Radio Networks: A Review

Three convergent processes are likely to shape the future of the internet beyond-5G: The convergence of optical and millimeter wave radio networks to boost mobile internet capacity, the convergence of machine learning solutions and communication technologies, and the convergence of virtualized and programmable network management mechanisms towards fully integrated autonomic network resource management. The integration of network virtualization technologies creates the incentive to customize and dynamically manage the resources of a network, making network functions, and storage capabilities at the edge key resources similar to the available bandwidth in network communication channels. Aiming to understand the relationship between resource management, virtualization, and the dense 5G access and fronthaul with an emphasis on converged radio and optical communications, this article presents a review of how resource management solutions have dealt with optimizing millimeter wave radio and optical resources from an autonomic network management perspective. A research agenda is also proposed by identifying current state-of-the-art solutions and the need to shift all the convergent issues towards building an advanced resource management mechanism for beyond-5G

Resource Allocation with Vickrey-Dutch Auctioning Game for C-RAN Fronthaul

The network slicing concept divides physical networks into logical networks and abstracts the network resources. With the help of virtualization technologies, these abstracted network resources can be allocated to service providers and resources can dynamically be added to these slices based on users' demands. The infrastructure sharing model with slicing makes it possible for services to lease the resources of the infrastructure provider. This study considers optical network resource allocation from a profit generation perspective with a game, in which service providers bid to lease C-RAN fronthaul paths via auctioning with Vickrey-Clarke-Groves outcomes. The game aims to distribute fronthaul resources with a social-welfare maximizing outcome. Service providers maximize their revenue by predicting user demand and requesting bandwidth resources from the infrastructure provider by bidding in the auction. Users have the option to change their association and switch between the service providers to maximize their utility. The results display that a balanced profit and social welfare trade-off can be achieved in converged optical and mmWave radio networks infrastructure sharing scenario with Vickrey-Dutch auctioning and distributed decision-making

Database Search Results for Resource Management in Converged Optical and MillimeterWave Radio Networks Review

Paper Selection Procedure In order to conduct the survey titled "Resource Management in Converged Optical and MillimeterWave Radio Networks: A Review", the authors reviewed works published in the literature with a focus on those that cover most of the identified optimization requirements for converged optical fronthaul and mmWave wireless access networks. The research method is based on the research steps given in "The PRISMA 2020 statement"[1]. The selection procedure is also illustrated in "Database Search Flow Chart.png" figure. The first step was the selection of the papers. We completed this step by making database searches in the ACM, Elsevier (Science Direct), IEEE, IET,  MDPI, Optical Society (OSA), Springer, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley online library databases with keywords ``resource allocation AND converged mmWave fiber wireless (FiWi)'', ``resource management AND converged mmWave fiber wireless (FiWi)'', and ``resource allocation AND converged fiber wireless (FiWi)''. The searches in all databases were completed in May 2021. The resulting collection was screened, to exclude non-scientific texts, book chapters, out of context papers, and survey papers. The remaining 189 papers found in our database search are provided in the excel file titled "FiWi Resource Allocation Database Search.xlsx". Among these papers, our selection criteria was created to present the works that are most relevant to the target network architecture, providing novel implementation solutions to the requirements of the optimization objective. The criteria selected for our eligibility step can be summarized as follows: The study provided a sound research approach and published after a scholarly review process;The study had a resource management optimization objective for mmWave networks;The study explained the system model and proposed a well-defined optimization algorithm;The effects of the algorithm on a performance metric was reported and the different aspects of the performance metric was analyzed with different evaluation criteria. This review is limited to the focus scope on converged optical and mmWave radio network solutions and by the databases taken into consideration. The prioritization of the works that address a well-defined optimization algorithm led to the omission of relevant papers. We did not include works that do not clearly define a resource management objective, i.e., a study that focuses on the the hardware implementation aspects of optical and mmWave radio networks with no resource management perspective. We manually excluded all studies that do not match these criteria with a simple scoring system, in which a point is deducted from an eligible paper for each missing criterion. The initial screening process and the data collection steps were carried out by the first author and the final inclusion decision was made by all the reviewers for the studies with the highest scores. After this screening process, we identified 37 papers that focused on at least one of the resource management objectives of throughput maximization, delay minimization, energy-efficiency, and virtualized resource allocation. The papers that have joint objectives are classified under their main optimization focus of that paper. The list of the selected papers are provided in "FiWi Resource Allocation Papers Selected for Review.xlsx" file. Our target in this review is to understand the recent optimization techniques used in resource allocation for converged optical fronthaul and radio mmWave access network implementations, therefore we focused our search to the works completed in the last five years (between 2016 and 2021), and approximately 95% of the selected papers fit under this category. Overview of the data collected from selected papers In this section, we provide answers to the three following questions with the data collected from the eligible studies: Question 1: Which algorithms are used more often in performance optimization in converged mmWave networks?Question 2: Which performance metrics are determined to show that the optimization method achieves the objective?Question 3: Which criteria are used to evaluate the solution method? Regarding the first question, the figure titled "Distribution of Optimization Algorithms in Selected Papers" shows the distribution of the optimization algorithms used by the selected papers. The distribution of the main performance metrics according to the resource optimization objectives is given in Table 1 (Distribution of Evaluation Criteria) and the evaluation criteria to test the performances of the selected papers are grouped in Table 2 (Distribution of Main Performance Metrics Depending on Optimization Objectives), which shows how many times each criterion is used together with how many of the resource management objectives use these criterion. References:  [1] Page, M.J.; McKenzie, J.E.; Bossuyt, P.M.; Boutron, I.; Hoffmann, T.C.; Mulrow, C.D.; Shamseer, L.; Tetzlaff, J.M.; Akl, E.A.;Brennan, S.E.;  Chou, R.;  Glanville, J.;  Grimshaw, J.M.;  Hróbjartsson, A.;  Lalu, M.M.;  Li, T.;  Loder, E.W.;  Mayo-Wilson, E.;McDonald, S.; McGuinness, L.A.; Stewart, L.A.; Thomas, J.; Tricco, A.C.; Welch, V.A.; Whiting, P.; Moher, D. The PRISMA 2020statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.Systematic Reviews2021,10.  doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4